Free Essays on Rosencratz & Guildenstern Are Dead

â€Å"There's a divinity that shapes our ends,† is a theme that echoes through most of the Shakespearean play Hamlet and the new contemporary piece of work by Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead. Free will, as a concept, is discussed very existentially in Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead since the whole play takes place in the midst of Hamlet itself, and thus Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are unable to actually break free of the destiny assigned to them by Shakespeare. Hamlet, himself a character in a play, enjoys a more free range of choices and decisions with which to shape his destiny, and these choices pre-dermine the path of other characters in the play. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, themselves actors, are able to discuss their options, and possible scenarios which they could take, but since they are bound by what Shakespeare wrote and pre-dermined for them, they have to follow that exact path. Ros: How very intriguing! I fee like a spectator-an appalling business. The only thing that makes it bearable is the irrational belief that somebody interesting will come in a minute. (pg. 40) While discussing passerby’s, Rosencrantz hits upon the very same dilemma that overhangs them throughout the whole play. They are nothing more then spectators to the fact that their existence is passing them by without any input from them, and the only relief to this dilemma would be for someone interesting to come and redirect them. This someone could perhaps be the divine entity or Hamlet. Guil: What a fine persecution-to be kept intrigued without ever quite being enlightened. (pg. 40) In Hamlet they enjoy a much more liberal sense of free will, while at the same time still being confined to the story brought to the by the choices that Hamlet makes. They are always given meaning by someone else, either through their friendship with Hamlet, or through the good will of the king, who gives them a task to complete, thus giving them d... Free Essays on Rosencratz & Guildenstern Are Dead Free Essays on Rosencratz & Guildenstern Are Dead â€Å"There's a divinity that shapes our ends,† is a theme that echoes through most of the Shakespearean play Hamlet and the new contemporary piece of work by Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead. Free will, as a concept, is discussed very existentially in Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead since the whole play takes place in the midst of Hamlet itself, and thus Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are unable to actually break free of the destiny assigned to them by Shakespeare. Hamlet, himself a character in a play, enjoys a more free range of choices and decisions with which to shape his destiny, and these choices pre-dermine the path of other characters in the play. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, themselves actors, are able to discuss their options, and possible scenarios which they could take, but since they are bound by what Shakespeare wrote and pre-dermined for them, they have to follow that exact path. Ros: How very intriguing! I fee like a spectator-an appalling business. The only thing that makes it bearable is the irrational belief that somebody interesting will come in a minute. (pg. 40) While discussing passerby’s, Rosencrantz hits upon the very same dilemma that overhangs them throughout the whole play. They are nothing more then spectators to the fact that their existence is passing them by without any input from them, and the only relief to this dilemma would be for someone interesting to come and redirect them. This someone could perhaps be the divine entity or Hamlet. Guil: What a fine persecution-to be kept intrigued without ever quite being enlightened. (pg. 40) In Hamlet they enjoy a much more liberal sense of free will, while at the same time still being confined to the story brought to the by the choices that Hamlet makes. They are always given meaning by someone else, either through their friendship with Hamlet, or through the good will of the king, who gives them a task to complete, thus giving them d...

Core Values-Nestle Essays

Core Values-Nestle Essays Core Values-Nestle Paper Core Values-Nestle Paper Core Values and Intercultural Management Sep 29,2007 00:00 by admin Core Values and Intercultural Management Case Study: Nestle In 2001, Nestle was the largest and most diversified food company in the world, with nearly 500 factories in more than 100 countries. In fact, over the period 1867–2000 it surpassed other food manufacturers and purchasers of agricultural raw materials in scale of operations. Over 230,000 people worldwide work in Nestles factories, research laboratories and offices. In 1999 Nestle generated a total income of 4,007 million Swiss francs. This case study is based on a series of interviews with prominent Nestle managers engaged in strengthening Nestles core values. Niels Christiansen, Vice President, Public Affairs of Nestle SA, explains that even though 98 per cent of Nestle operations are outside Switzerland, the company still originated in Switzerland. The corporate headquarters is located in Switzerland. Hence some Swiss cultural values are an integral part of Nestle core values. Many Swiss values are embedded in the Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. These Principles reflect not only Nestles basic corporate values, but some of the Swissness of the company as well. What has been described as the Swissness of the company refers to the pragmatic and resultsoriented nature of the Principles. The Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles are presented in our case study on communications and intercultural management (see Chapter 2). The box on page 87 reproduces the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. NESTLE CORPORATE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES Nestle is committed to the following business principles in all countries taking into account local legislation, culture and religious practice: Nestles business objective, and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for customers, shareholders, employees, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestle operates. Nestle does not favour short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development, but recognizes the need to generate profit each year in order to maintain the support of the financial markets, and to finance investments. Nestle believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of ethical conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to management and employees, in the form of voluntary business principles, is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization. Nestle is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and ethical values of its management and employees, therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial. Nestle recognizes that consumers have a legitimate interest in the company behind the Nestle brands, and the way in which the Nestle company operates. Although core values can be propagated across a multicultural corporation in a variety of ways, Nestle adopts certain approaches that are characteristic of it. These approaches have been used consistently and for a considerable length of time, even though the companys various Principles have been written down only recently. One important approach is careful and meticulous selection of personnel. This approach has been enshrined in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Potential employees are assessed as to whether they possess the attributes that would enable them to fit into the Nestle way of life. An assessment is also made of whether they can achieve complete integration into Nestle culture over time. Nestles selection process has been so effective that most of its employees have pursued a lifetime career, spanning at least 30 years with the company. This lifetime association with Nestle enables employees to completely imbibe and operationalize the Nestle core values. Additionally, new recruits are given extensive coaching as well as training, to ensure that they fully understand Nestles core values. Both the Nestle Management and Leadership Principles document and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles document contain personal messages from the CEO. The CEO, as well as all senior managers, make it clear that they expect all employees to subscribe to and implement the company core values. Of course, members of the top management echelon also live the core values themselves so that they serve as role models. Nestle uses extensively another means to propagate its core values: its international management cadre. Members of this cadre go from country to country working as managers in different Nestle branches. These international management cadre managers ensure that the Nestle core values are institutionalized at all Nestle locations. They occupy a significant proportion of the key positions at all Nestle branches, and can therefore exert a tremendous amount of influence. All managers of Nestle, irrespective of ethnic origin or geographic location, are part of the Nestle culture and share the same core values. Additionally, by rotation, they spend some time at the Nestle headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. During the initial stages of their career, Nestle employees (from all over the world) attend residential training programmes at Vevey, which are of approximately one months duration. These programmes reinforce the core values which Nestle employees have already assimilated. They also make Nestle employees realize that regardless of where they are from, they all share these core values. Although Nestles core values are the glue that holds together all its managers distributed across more than 100 countries, the company is also sensitive to local cultures. Brabeck, CEO of Nestle, has remarked, Since Nestles activities in Switzerland, its country of origin, account for less than 2 per cent of its global turnover, Nestle learned very early to respect the social, political and cultural traditions of all countries in which the products are produced and sold, and to be a highly decentralized people and products oriented company rather than a systems oriented company. The interesting question that presents itself is, how does Nestle manage the dialectic between having well-entrenched core values, and respecting national cultures? Vietnam is a country in which Nestle has established a branch only recently (in 1996). It is a challenging country in which to start operations. In the first instance, it is a communist country with a state controlled market. Additionally, the cultural ethos and ambience of Vietnam are quite unique. When Nestle started its branch in Vietnam, it had to embed and institutionalize its core values there from scratch. Nestles initial step was to translate the two documents, Nestle Management and Leadership Principles, and Nestle Corporate Business Principles, into Vietnamese. During translation, it was found that some concepts could not be translated literally. Literal translations would lead to some loss of intended meaning. Hence, some of the concepts were elucidated using Vietnamese metaphors and symbols. For example, recourse was made to the metaphor of the family. The sort of relationship that Nestle expects from employees was compared to the sort of relationship that exists between family members. The importance of teamwork and team spirit was likewise advocated by reference to family values. Thus, a document was created especially for Nestle Vietnam that encapsulated the Nestle core values in the local idiom. This document is given to every employee who joins the branch. Before employees can join Nestle Vietnam, they have to satisfy the recruitment criteria. This includes whether the prospective employees can understand and appreciate the core values of Nestle, and align themselves with these core values. Individuals who will be unable to operationalize Nestle core values, because of either their background or their personality, are screened out. The background of a prospective employee is thoroughly checked. This is to ascertain what kinds of influence have conditioned him or her. At Nestle branches that have been in existence for some time, considerable autonomy is given to line managers in the matter of recruitment. In start-up branches like Nestle Vietnam, however, the HR department and top management are very closely involved in the recruitment process. They admit into their fold only those individuals who can subscribe to Nestle core values. Nestle believes that if employees are deficient in technical skills, but have the appropriate attitudes and values, they can be trained and learn those skills. On the other hand, values are more difficult to change. If prospective employees have attitudes incompatible with Nestles core values, then no amount of coaching can successfully bring them in line with Nestles expectations. One of the core values of Nestle is that its employees should have intercultural competencies and be able to interact effectively with people from all over the world. Hence, as part of the recruitment process at Nestle Vietnam, prospective employees attitudes to foreigners are assessed. Also assessed is how they view people from other parts of Vietnam. Preference is given to prospective employees who are tolerant and liberal thinking, and have experience of associating with people from diverse backgrounds. Sometimes it transpires that prospective employees would not like to work with foreigners from other parts of Asia, such as Malaysians, Japanese or Taiwanese. They do not mind working with Europeans, however. In such cases, Nestle Vietnam tries to ascertain whether the prejudice emanates from ignorance or from a deep-rooted emotion. If it is the former, training and coaching can eradicate the prejudice, as can first-hand experience of working with Malaysian, Japanese or Taiwanese managers. This is particularly true of young recruits who are perceived as being malleable. They are very receptive to being guided by a coach or mentor, much more so than in the case of their European counterparts. Thien Luong Van My, currently Issues Manager Public Affairs at Nestle headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, and Country Head of Nestle Vietnam for the period 1996–2000, comments: They really enjoy this coaching like from an elder brother to a younger brother or sister. They really like to be guided not only about how they should work, but about how they should behave as well. And we pay a lot of importance to our newly joined recruits patterns of interaction. We observe them closely. And the elder brother recommends to his younger sibling how he can improve himself. This system appears to be working for us. We started in 1996 with three employees. I had a driver and a secretary. Today, there are 300 employees with Nestle Vietnam, all of whom are committed to Nestles core values. The core value of team spirit had to be nurtured with special effort at Nestle Vietnam in its early years. It is the experience of Nestle Vietnam that the Vietnamese are a fairly individualistic people. They may be loyal to a small group of people who are usually family members. Nestle Vietnam was in its crucial initial six years when headed by Thien, who is Vietnamese and grew up there. He therefore positioned himself as the patriarch of the company, somebody who could be considered an uncle or elder brother. He then capitalized on his position to encourage team spirit. He also ensured that team spirit was propagated in a manner appropriate to the Vietnamese culture. For instance, a practice integral to Vietnamese culture is showing respect and deference to elders. At Nestle Vietnam, a few units are headed by individuals who are younger than a few of their subordinates. A careful watch is kept on these individuals, to ascertain whether they treat those subordinates who are older than them with respect and regard. Nestle Vietnam has tried to design approaches for institutionalizing the Principles that comprise the Nestle core values. For example, consider the Nestle Corporate Business Principle regarding protection of the environment: Nestle integrates environmental policies, programs, and practices into each business as an element of management in all its functions, develops, designs and operates facilities and conducts its activities taking into consideration the efficient use of energy and materials, the sustainable use of renewable resources, the minimization of adverse environmental impact and waste generation, and the safe and responsible disposal of residual wastes, applies Nestle internal standards suitable to local conditions in those regions where specific environmental legislation is not yet in place, improves environmental protection relevant to its activities on a continuous basis, provides appropriate information, communication and training to build internal and external understanding about its environmental commitment and action. Nestle Vietnam has had to work very hard to inculcate the value of conducting business in an environmentally sound manner amongst its employees. Many of the non-management staff come from rustic backgrounds with no higher education. Hence, courses are organized regularly so that these staff members can be educated on how to conduct themselves in an environmentally friendly fashion. When any staff members deviate from the Nestle standards for hygiene and environmental protection, their lapse is pointed out to them. Newly joined staff members have to be told that trash should not be littered anywhere, but should be put into garbage bins. On one occasion, a newly joined member of the cleaning staff was asked to clean the warehouse adjacent to a Nestle factory. He was asked to do this on a Sunday when there were no senior managers at the factory site. While cleaning, he threw some discarded paints and oil into the drainage system. It was entirely a spontaneous act. Fortunately, a manager came to know about this occurrence the following day, and the drainage system was stopped before it discharged its contents into a river flowing nearby. If the paints and oil had found their way into the river, a major catastrophe would have resulted. After this incident, Nestle Vietnam provided even more stringent instructions about hygiene and environment protection to its entire staff. Another core value that had to be addressed explicitly by Nestle Vietnam was one termed Conflict of Interest in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles document. This core value stated that Nestle requires its management and employees to avoid personal activities and financial interests that could conflict, or appear to conflict, with their jobs. In Vietnam, it is customary for people to hold more than one job. They might work for half a day at a primary job, and then be employed elsewhere, in a job that is in some way competitive with the primary job. Nestle Vietnam has had to adopt a firm stance here. Thien and the other expatriate Nestle employees who set up Nestle Vietnam were succeeded by Vietnamese managers in early 2001. This has contributed to institutionalizing the Nestle core values at the branch. It also signifies that the branch has assimilated the Nestle core values. In fact, the job success of Thien and his expatriate colleagues is being evaluated in terms of the performance of their successors. Inferences Fostering of uniform core values in a global corporation is a key to successful intercultural management The challenge of intercultural management for organizations lies in the appropriate juxtaposition of corporate culture and ethnic cultures. This is the challenge that Nestle, with its many, many branches located all around the globe, had to grapple with constantly. Ultimately, however, corporate culture transcends ethnic culture. In other words, corporate culture, which is governed by the organizations core values, is superordinate to other cultures such as ethnic culture. This has been the mode of functioning of all the organizations profiled in this book: Nestle, Credit Suisse, BMW, International Committee of the Red Cross, IBM, ICAS and so on. These companies have not specifically articulated that this is their mode of functioning. It may not even be recognized as a conscious strategy by the top management echelons. Certainly, the key players in the individual companies are not aware that this is a mode of functioning shared by high-performance transnational organizations. Nonetheless, we record in this book that this is the case. The core values of an organization determine the nature of its corporate culture. The corporate culture can influence the mind-sets of its employees, which in turn will have been shaped by a wide variety of factors. For individual employees, one of these factors is definitely their ethnic culture. When an organization has branches in different locations and cultures, it is inevitable that those branches are affected by local cultures in more ways than one. In the first instance, the products and services offered by the organization must find a resonance in the local culture. Otherwise there would be no market for those products and services. Thus, Nestle offers many food products that are culture-specific in that they reflect the food preferences of the local consumers. One of Nestles food products is Maggi instant noodles. These noodles are available in a wide variety of cultures, and offer a feature that is appreciated in all these cultures they can be prepared in a matter of minutes. However, the noodles are concocted differently in different cultures. In Switzerland, for instance, the noodles are sold with a cheese garnish. In India, Maggi masala noodles are a runaway success. Maggi masala noodles have a pungent, spicy flavour, which might not find favour in Switzerland. Likewise, Maggi noodles as sold in Switzerland would be too bland for the average Indian. Local cultures can impact on organizations in more complex ways, however. They can influence (though not determine) corporate culture. This happens when a significant number of employees of an organization hail from a specific ethnic culture. The corporate culture of Nestle has a certain Swissness about it, as observed by Hans Johr, Assistant Vice-President at Nestle headquarters. This is to be expected, since Nestle originated in Switzerland, and is headquartered in that country. However, the fact that Vietnamese personnel staff Nestle Vietnam signifies that elements of Vietnamese culture that are venerable are incorporated into Nestle Vietnam. This enables the Vietnamese workforce to be productive and happy. For instance, the notion of projecting the CEO of Nestle Vietnam as a father figure, who can then engage in team building by encouraging employees to think of each other as siblings, was an approach that reflected Vietnamese culture. This is a case where the dialectic between corporate culture and ethnic culture has been managed successfully. This in fact is an objective of intercultural management: to harmonize the juxtaposition of corporate cultures and ethnic cultures. However, there may be individual employees whose cultural backgrounds give rise to values that conflict with the core values of an organization. The resulting dissonance can be resolved satisfactorily by the employees either leaving the organization, or modifying their values. In other words, the core values of an organization are superordinate. The International Committee of the Red Cross faces the dilemma of dealing continuously with conflicts between corporate culture and ethnic culture. For example, in Afghanistan they are determined not to uphold conventional local attitudes to the treatment of women. If this entails having to enact a more diminished role in Afghanistan, then so be it. The dialectic between corporate culture and ethnic culture has been described by Nestle as follows: The Companys business practices are designed to promote a sense of identification among all employees all over the world, and apply a number of common rules, while at the same time adapting the expression of these rules to local customs and traditions (Nestle Corporate Business Principles). This of course is easier said than done. However, it must be emphasized that high-performance companies have strong cultures with well-defined core values. These core values are capable of adaptation to local customs, traditions and cultures. They cannot be supplanted by the values of other cultures.

The Game of Love and Chance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Game of Love and Chance - Assignment Example The plot is appropriate in its context and makes sense. The plot has sense in it and very easy to follow. The plot also is very surprising and not that much predictable. â€Å"The Game of love and Chance† is charmingly written to show the inadequacies of the servant taking the masters’ role and the masters taking the servants’ role. The realism portrayed is how love can control someone once truly fallen in love by the other person. Silvia truly falls in love with Dorante not realizing that she has already fallen in love with the real suitor and the same is also true with Dorante; as Edwin Wilson puts it, â€Å"the manner in which a performance depicts the real world (Wilson, 46).† it is very hard for such a coincidence to take place in the real world; this is what contains the unrealistic portion of the same. The characters hoist their double standard in the entire play; in the first place, the mistress and maid conduct an expository dialog in a corridor to the accompaniment of much screaming and slamming. But while Trish as Silvia undergoes these motions with intelligence, a wit, and a command of changing tones that turn to be even keener as the day progresses; this is her excellent performance. Gemma as Lisette seems and sounds as if she was watching a carry on movie, all flutter and twitter and causal of innuendo. This seems to be a hit for equality; in most occasions, male comics have the monopoly on being crude and lewd. The costumes are ancient which suit the sexual and social context. The actors performed their roles appropriately which made the audience believe in the roles they were having. None of the actors seemed to miss the point while on stage; this was evident when the actors changed characters. The set drew the real world at the back of audiences’ mind which made t he performance be livelier (Marivaux, Pierre, and Neil 87). The play utilized enough space to host different scenes that made the play be interesting and made

DQ1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

DQ1 - Essay Example The hierarchies are a universal arrangement within organizations. This is for the reason that they imitate a normal as well as common method for individuals to tackle with complication. Forming a chain of command is consequently an ordinary thing to do, up till now it is equally simple as well as intricate. During the past the organizational structures were simple, with one department handling marketing and sales, one department handling distribution and customer service, and the other department working on research and development. The employees were more or less settled in their routines. But, in the present scenario it is pretty unrealistic to have the organizational structure defined above. Each one of the departments has loads to cope up with everyday, larger targets to meet, deadlines to meet, a bigger array of customers to be satisfied. The materialization of fresh technology, goods as well as amplified international rivalry will only assist the alteration that will be required in order to contend. An individual cannot supervise the history however can in no doubt take arraign of the future. The most noteworthy event is the hastening rate of modification for the goods also the growing range of goods presented as a result in compound also varying requirements mutually for individuals as well as for structures. Additionally, the consumers, the suppliers, as well as the technical modernizations keep transforming at spectacular momentum furthermore they have need of nippy reactions in order to defend their associations or else the aggressive positions. The element of efficient partnership within job situations signifies a method of accomplishing aggressive benefit within the market. The concept of effectual association signifies a major aspect of organizing a corporation’s structure. The plans utilized for corporations during the past cannot be utilized specified the burden on todays, a great deal

Joint Venture Essay Example for Free

Joint Venture Essay Joint Venture is a basically a mutual agreement between two companies or more to work together towards achieving a common aim, which is usually economic progress. To attain this goal, the members of the joint venture invest expertise, capital, time and equity to form a separate entity. The terms and conditions of the joint venture are bound by an agreement. One of the reasons behind joint ventures is to spread and share risks as well as expenses. For example, when an organization in one country wants to expand its business in another country, it signs up a joint venture with a local company in that country to gain regional expertise and marketing trends. This would give a company a competitive edge in reaching the market quicker than its competitors. It would also lend strategic advantages like diversification of knowledge, manpower and technologies. For instance, companies in the oil and gas industry sector usually enter into such agreements in foreign countries to market, distribute and sell their product. A joint venture can be an ideal solution in cases when two companies need each other’s expertise. In some cases, a joint venture can help bring companies dealing with products and services that compliment each other. For, instance Hardware company and Software company can enter into a joint venture to innovate a new product. Sony Ericsson is a good example of this kind of a joint venture (â€Å"Joint Venture†, 2006). But, in recent times, limited liability company (LLC) is being preferred over joint venture as a business ownership model in America, mainly due to the lower tax deduction. Moreover, LLC s almost offer all the features offered by a Joint venture. Reference: Wikipedia. (2006, July). Joint Venture. Retrieved 2006, July 30, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Joint_Venture.

Management And The Body Shop Essay -- essays research papers fc

Management and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In today's changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essay so I will introduce a company that has in its short, yet very successful existence transformed through all the levels and practices mentioned above. The company is called "The Body Shop", I hope you have heard of it for that would make our journey through it's development even more enjoyable. Management is described as the process of getting activities with and through other people. This philosophy has been so widely examined that there are literally millions of opinions and differing views on the subject. We will only be examining the functions of management where the basics of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling apply to The Body Shop. In 1976 an inexperienced Anita Roddick got tired of unsubstantiated Management and The Body Shop claims of the cosmetics industry that their products couldn't deliver. She decided to make a decision that would change her life forever. Anita became a manager of her own small business in Brighton England. Selling the natural secrets found throughout the world; learned from extensive travel while employed as a teacher with the U.N., she created a cottage industry of exotic personal body care products. Planning proved to be the first big obstacle to learn in the road to efficient management. Taking care of buying from around the world for her special products had plunged Anita into a frightening and difficult role that she needed help with. Anita organized her financial burdens by taking on an investor Ian McGlinn, in turn giving him a 50 percent stake in the business. Furthermore she sold the name The Body Shop to personal recruits, carefully lead and controlled by her own philosophies and ideals. Anita had become an ideal example of the classic top level manager taking on the responsibility of decision, communication, and information needed to project her company as a serious competitor, ready for today's gl... ...e locations for Canada - BC. If interested, the Body Shop Web Site can be located at: http://www.the-body-shop.com/contents.html In conclusion, The Body Shop has a very effective style of management with Anita Roddick still in control of the planning, leading, organizing, and making decisions for all the franchise stores. The general management views and culture are responsive to the needs of their employees and their customers. The Body Shop is a multinational company that is a pioneer in the foreign trade department. Bibliography Stephen P. Robbins and Robbin Stuart-Kotze Management Canadian Fourth Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1994) pg. 15-142 Keegan, Moriarty, Duncan, Paliwoda Marketing Candian Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1995) pg. 738-48 William G. Nickels, James M. McHugh, Susan M. McHugh, Paul D. Berman Understanding Canadian Business (Richard D. Irwin, INC., 1994) pg. 199- 411 Dr. Kent E. Curran [kecurran@unccvm.uncc.edu] MGMT 3140 - Management Concepts and Practices (http://unccvm.uncc.edu/~ ~kecurran/lect-02.htm; August 25, 1996.) Management And The Body Shop Essay -- essays research papers fc Management and The Body Shop In this paper I will be taking a look at basic management functions. The approaches, and the synthesis of two views of management. I will attempt to take an overview of culture and its effect on a company. In today's changing global environments many companies have joined the open trade policies, and existing foreign opportunities available to growing companies with positive views and socially responsible attitudes. It all sounds like a lot to cover in a short essay so I will introduce a company that has in its short, yet very successful existence transformed through all the levels and practices mentioned above. The company is called "The Body Shop", I hope you have heard of it for that would make our journey through it's development even more enjoyable. Management is described as the process of getting activities with and through other people. This philosophy has been so widely examined that there are literally millions of opinions and differing views on the subject. We will only be examining the functions of management where the basics of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling apply to The Body Shop. In 1976 an inexperienced Anita Roddick got tired of unsubstantiated Management and The Body Shop claims of the cosmetics industry that their products couldn't deliver. She decided to make a decision that would change her life forever. Anita became a manager of her own small business in Brighton England. Selling the natural secrets found throughout the world; learned from extensive travel while employed as a teacher with the U.N., she created a cottage industry of exotic personal body care products. Planning proved to be the first big obstacle to learn in the road to efficient management. Taking care of buying from around the world for her special products had plunged Anita into a frightening and difficult role that she needed help with. Anita organized her financial burdens by taking on an investor Ian McGlinn, in turn giving him a 50 percent stake in the business. Furthermore she sold the name The Body Shop to personal recruits, carefully lead and controlled by her own philosophies and ideals. Anita had become an ideal example of the classic top level manager taking on the responsibility of decision, communication, and information needed to project her company as a serious competitor, ready for today's gl... ...e locations for Canada - BC. If interested, the Body Shop Web Site can be located at: http://www.the-body-shop.com/contents.html In conclusion, The Body Shop has a very effective style of management with Anita Roddick still in control of the planning, leading, organizing, and making decisions for all the franchise stores. The general management views and culture are responsive to the needs of their employees and their customers. The Body Shop is a multinational company that is a pioneer in the foreign trade department. Bibliography Stephen P. Robbins and Robbin Stuart-Kotze Management Canadian Fourth Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1994) pg. 15-142 Keegan, Moriarty, Duncan, Paliwoda Marketing Candian Edition (Prentice - Hall INC., ONT., 1995) pg. 738-48 William G. Nickels, James M. McHugh, Susan M. McHugh, Paul D. Berman Understanding Canadian Business (Richard D. Irwin, INC., 1994) pg. 199- 411 Dr. Kent E. Curran [kecurran@unccvm.uncc.edu] MGMT 3140 - Management Concepts and Practices (http://unccvm.uncc.edu/~ ~kecurran/lect-02.htm; August 25, 1996.)

Design Experiment

Design Experiment: Enzyme Inhibitors. Research question: What is the effect of adding lead nitrate solution on the activity of amylase enzyme? Aim: To test the effect of adding nitrate solution on the activity of amylase. Background Information: Inhibitors are molecules which repress or prevent another molecule from engaging in a reaction. They are substances that attach themselves onto an enzyme and reduce or prevent the enzyme’s ability to catalyse reactions. Competitive Inhibitors are inhibitors that occupy the active site of an enzyme or the binding Site of a receptor and prevent the normal substrate or ligand from binding.An active site is a region on the surface of an enzyme to which substrates bind and which catalyzes a chemical reaction involving the substrates. Thus the inhibitors prevent the enzyme activity when the concentration of the substrates is very low. As the substrate concentration increases so does the enzyme activity. Non-competitive inhibition is an Enzym e inhibition in which the inhibiting compound does not compete with the natural substrate for the active site on the enzyme but inhibits reaction by combining with the enzyme-substrate complex after the complex is formed.An example of a non-competitive inhibitor is ATP. When ATP accumulates it binds to a site other than the active site on the enzyme phosphofructokinase. In doing so it changes the enzyme conformation and lowers the rate of reaction so that less ATP is produced. Hypothesis: There is an inverse relationship between the mass of lead nitrate and the ability of amylase to convert starch into maltose. Variables: Independent Variable: ?The mass of lead nitrate dissolved in each of the solutions. Dependent Variable: ?The change in the color intensity of the iodine. Controlled variable: Time: the reaction was allowed to proceed for twenty minutes. ?Temperature: the water bath was set at 40? C. This was to provide the optimum conditions for the enzyme activity. ?Volumes of the respective solutions: The volume of the starch solution (10 cm3), the volume of the amylase (10 cm3) and the volume of water (5 cm3). The exact volumes were measured out with the help of a syringe. Materials: 1. Syringe 2. 6 test tubes 3. Stop watch 4. Water bath 5. White spotted tile 6. 5% amylase solution 7. Iodine solution 8. Lead nitrate crystals. 9. 6 boiling tubes. 10. A pipette. Procedure: 1.The water bath was fixed at 40? C. 2. The six boiling tubes were labelled A-F and then each was filled 10cm3 of starch solution with the help of a syringe. 3. Different quantities of lead nitrate were then added to the 6 test tubes labelled 1-6. The quantities were: 0. 00gm; 0. 10gm; 0. 20gm; 0. 30gm; 0. 40gm and 0. 50gm. 4. In the test tube 10gms of 5% amylase was then added. 5. The contents of each test tube were then transferred to the boiling tubes i. e. the contents of test tube 1 were transferred to boiling tube A and so on. 6. The boiling tubes were then placed in a water bath wit h a fixed temperature at 40?C. 7. The reaction was allowed for 20 minutes. 8. A drop of iodine was added on to the spotting tile. 9. After 20 minutes the boiling tubes were removed from the water bath and using a pipette a drop was withdrawn from each test tube and placed on the white tile containing the iodine solution. 10. The effect of the drop of liquid on the iodine was then noted. Change of color of the solution on the iodine solution. Mass of lead nitrate ( ±0. 01 grams)Color of the solution 0. 00Light Green 0. 10Light Green 0. 20Light Green 0. 30Dark Green 0. 40Darker Green 0. 50Dark Blue 1 2 3 4 5 6Data processing: Iodine solution is used to test for starch. If starch is present in a substance then the iodine solution would turn blue black. If no starch is present then it remains as light brown. In the above experiment boiling tubes E and F contain starch. This was because they contained greater mass of lead nitrate and therefore has reduced the ability of the enzyme (amy lase) to hydrolyse starch into maltose. The blue-black color remained indicating that the solution contained greater amounts of starch. In the boiling tube A the color was the lightest because lead nitrate was not present.Thus the starch could bind to the active site of the amylase and could be broken down into maltose easily. Therefore in the test tube A starch was broken down in the solution and hence none was left. In boiling tubes B and C the solution was relatively darker because the mass of lead nitrate was greater but not great enough to stop the reaction completely. Therefore the greater the mass of lead nitrate, the darker the solution will form since a darker color indicated the presence of starch. The starch remained because of the effect of the inhibitor which reduced the capacity of the enzyme to break down starch into maltose.Data Presentation. Thus the graph shows that a darker color perseveres if a greater mass of lead nitrate is added. This is because the bigger out come of the inhibitor prevents the hydrolysis of the starch and so many molecules of starch still remain in the solution without being broken down by amylase. Therefore the color intensity of the solution and the mass of the lead nitrate share a direct relationship. Conclusion and Evaluation: Mass of lead nitrate added is directly proportional to the color intensity of the solution.This is because a greater mass of lead nitrate reduces the ability of the amylase to breakdown starch into maltose. Therefore lead nitrate acts as a non-competitive inhibitor reducing the enzyme’s ability to catalyse the reaction. Lead nitrate is non-competitive because it affects the enzyme’s activity even though it is present in small quantities. The hypothesis were proven since the lead nitrate changes the shape of the active site of the enzyme and prevents some starch molecules from binding to the active site for catalysts. According to the results obtained from the experiment, my hypoth esis is accepted and is correct.My hypothesis was, â€Å"There is an inverse relationship between the mass of lead nitrate and the ability of amylase to convert starch into maltose. † Despite the results obtained were correct and proved that the experiment was a success a few variables emerged during the performance of the experiment that if improved could result to a more accurate result. We didn’t have enough time to do this experiment over and over again so we didn’t have enough results to compare. Another important factor that may have influenced in our experiment was the quantity taken of the lead nitrate. We didn’t have any colorimeter so our result might not be accurate.

Effects of Music on the Unborn Child

Music can be used to influence people’s mood and has been used to attempt to affect the brain of a child in its mother’s womb. Some people think that having an unborn child listen to different types of music will have different effects on how the child will grow. Some people believe that music has no influence while others believe that if they introduce their unborn child to classical music the baby will grow up to be smarter than the kid who either listened to other types of music or no music while in the womb. Studies have been done on how music can affect an unborn, and many different results have come from these studies. Not only can the unborn child actually hear the music, but the child will remember the song even after they are born. ?Music affects attitudes as well as thoughts. According to the book titled What to Listen for in Music by Aaron Copland, there are four elements of music: rhythm, melody, harmony, and tone color. Each of these elements are not heard by themselves but are heard together as one sound. Each part of music has a special and unique way wherewith we interpret and react to it. Rhythm comes first in the musical elements because many historians say that music started with a beating of a rhythm. Whether it was the cavemen with branches or another group rhythm was the first element of music found (Copland, 33). The second element, melody, is second because rhythm is more of a physical motion and so melody is experienced as a mental emotion. The melody is the most crucial part of the music. It is the only subjective portion of music that the audience rejects or accepts by itself (Copland, 49). Harmony, the third element, is the most sophisticated. The harmony was the most recently discovered and has been greatly appreciated (Copland, 61). The last element, tone color, is the quality of sound produced by a particular musical instrument (Copland, 78). Aaron Copland later goes on to explain the difference of how we listen to music now compared to how we listened when we were in the womb. We have little to no say in what we listen to when we were in the womb; we can only enjoy it or kick relentlessly hoping that it will change. ?Some studies have been done by David Tame in his book The Secret Power of Music. In it he says â€Å"music has been found to affect the body in two distinct ways, directly on the cells and organs and indirectly by affecting the emotions, which, in turn, influence numerous bodily processes. Sounds projected into liquid media have coagulated proteins. So teenagers have brought soft eggs to rock concerts, hich became hard-boiled — wonder what happens in our own bodies† (Tame, 173) After reading this, it does make one wonder why we listen to something that can have such a negative effect and be so bad. Most people chose music their parents raised them on or something completely different. Tame later says in his book that people who listen to rock music have led lives that were much more destructive to themselves and to others than people who had listened to classical music. David Tame also did studies on plants and animals and how they respond to the different music. In a study performed classical music had appeared to bring more produce and better looking flowers than rock music (Tame, 196). ?According to BBC, Dr. Lamont did a study where the same song was played for the last three months of the pregnancy and then was played again after the child was born, even after they were a year old they recognized the song (BBC, Womb Music: How Will Music Affect oner Unborn Child? ). Another study done by Dr. Lamont concluded that â€Å"that there was no evidence that playing classical music to babies helps to make their brains develop. Dr. Lamont has done many studies for this topic and could be considered an expert. She has discovered much information for example: babies can hear just twenty weeks after conception and can remember a song for at least twelve months, and that babies cannot only remember the songs but they prefer these songs (BBC, Babies Remember womb music). ?Another study was done at the Education Oasis on how music affects babies in the womb, and they said that music does not make a baby smarter but it does prepare it for particular ways of thinking. The effect the music has does not last long but can be used to do tasks more quickly (Bales). They figured out, through many experiments, that although music did not make the babies smarter it did make their brains ready to learn and grow. The babies who listened to classical music were more ready to learn than the babies, who had listened to country, rock, folk, dance, or nothing at all (Bales). ?Although there is still controversy on whether or not music can make the brain smarter or not, more research has been done to observe the effects of music on newborns. Researchers from Brigham Oneng University studied the effects of music on thirty-three premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo. Cassette players piped voices of men and women singing lullabies into each baby’s ears for forty minutes a day for four days. When doctors examined the babies on the fourth day, they found that babies who had been exposed to music gained more weight, and had lower blood pressure and a stronger heartbeat than the other (Robledo). Their research shows that music can help strengthen premature babies; however, these researchers still have yet to figure out if music can improve a child’s intellect. It is hard to study the intelligence level of babies when they cannot talk or write. When studying three and four year olds these researchers have found out that if the child plays an instrument that the child is better at math and special thinking (Robledo). â€Å"Oner goal should be to cultivate a love for music in oner child, not to create the next Mozart. It should be about having fun and exposing oner child to new sounds and rhythms† (Robledo). My mother listened to two genres of music when I was in her womb: eighties rock and R&B. I would kick and dance for her when she played the rock music and she used R&B to put me to sleep. It worked as a oneng child too; my mother has videos of me kicking and screaming for joy when she played AC/DC, Bon Jovi, the Beastie Boys, Duran Duran, Journey, Whitesnake, and U2. Whenever either of my parents wanted to put me to sleep, they would play Prince, Stevie Wonder, Al B. Sure, Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, Soul II Soul, or Earth, Wind, and Fire. These genres have had an impact on my upbringing. Like most children I stuck to what I knew when it came for me to buy my first compact disk. The quote â€Å"The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree† applies very much so to me as it does to most children when they pick what they like and what they do not; I chose a nineties rock and alternative. I liked bands that were like the bands that I listened to in my mother’s womb, but I also liked having my own music to like. The music I chose sounds similar to the music my mother would have me listen to, but it was something my dad would not sing every word to, so I liked it. My dad is not the best singer, so if I can only get a hum then my music is more enjoyable. ?A year or two later, my mother was pregnant again. This time she was told by the doctors that her baby was to be born with many brain defects. She looked for many ways to keep her unborn baby from being born with the brain deficiencies. She had watched on the local news that babies were being born with an unbelievable intelligence from their mothers playing classical music while the unborn baby was still in the womb. There was another mother whom had said that the doctors had told her that her baby was supposed to be born with brain efects but her baby was born with no defects at all and she thanked her lucky stars on classical music. My mother thought it was worth a try since music was not thought of to hurt a baby’s brain. While she had classical music on headphone around her womb, she had rock music on a second pair for her and me to enjoy. My brother was born with some brain deficiencies; he is a slow school learner but is extremely fast at learning musical instruments. If one gives him an instrument in five minutes he will learn how to compose sound, in fifteen he knows notes, and in thirty he can play a song from memory. In everything else my brother is slow at learning and is slightly dyslexic. My mother thought the classical music had helped, so when she was pregnant again she had the new unborn baby listen to classical music as well. This one was born with terrible eye sight, deaf in one ear, dyslexic, and on the verge of being mentally handicapped. Classical music through a personal study has shown to have no intellectual effect on the unborn child. Every now and again a â€Å"musical genius† is born. These children are extremely gifted in music and can play, compose and understand music with an unimaginable capacity. Although, some may imagine that we cannot measure musical greatness or potential in children before they discover it themselves. There is a way. In the book titled Musical Ability in Children by Arnold Bentley, he describes ways that we can test the musical ability and potential in children. After all, he says â€Å"musical ability is primarily a mental ability. † He goes on to tell how to test children, but he says that this can be a difficult task especially if the children are not old enough to handle the challenge of the tests (Bentley). According to these studies, there are too many variables to consider when having a child and exposing them to the different array of music that we have today. For example, the child may be born already a genius and the classical music could impair his way of thinking, there are also some disabilities a child can be born with that music just will not be the fix, the baby may reject the music altogether because the baby still remembers what has happened before in the premortal life and knows that he should be listening to a different type or knows a better type for him to listen to. Music is a stimulant. We listen to it in hard times either to make us feel better or to truly understand what the artists are saying because now we understand what they mean. We try to understand everything that we listen to, but it is sometime hard to pick up the message the artists wanted to get out in the way they present it. Music is a powerful thing that should not be taken lightly it can create emotions and pictures in our mind. Music is not something that goes away either. Once one hears a song it can be stuck in one’s mind for a very long time. Even after many years of not hearing the song it can still come back to the front of one’s mind, much faster than a memory. Music is power, and to play it to unborn children increases the parent’s power over the child by what the parents choose which music to produce for the child.

C113 Unit 9 Essays

C113 Unit 9 Essays C113 Unit 9 Essay C113 Unit 9 Essay CSI 13 Academic Strategies for the Business Professional Unit 9 Career Action Plan Assignment Name: Two-digit Section #: Instructions: Download this document to your computer before filling it out. All of the gray boxes below should be appropriately filled in and the document saved again before submitting to the Unit 9 dropbox. Develop your own Career Action Plan based on information you have gained in this course. Consider information from course readings, assignments, career research, he informational interview and the LASSI assessment. Career Action Plan: Take some time to think seriously about where you would like to be in your career future and how you will get there. Once you have generated some ideas, complete the short-term and long-term information and respond to all items listed below: Short-Term Career Goal (approximately 2 years or less): Your short-term career goal should be a goal that you can realistically accomplish in approximately 2 years or less. Focus on a goal that will help you to reach the long- erm career goal that you will be focusing on in the second part of your career action plan. l. What is this career goal and why is it important to you (minimum five complete sentences)? II. What skills and/or experiences do you have now that make you a good fit for this short-term goal (minimum five complete sentences)? Ill. What skills and/or experiences will you need to gain in order to ensure that you will achieve this goal, and how will you gain these skills/experiences (minimum five complete sentences)? IV. What are some of the obstacles or challenges you might encounter as you work towards achieving this goal? How will you respond to or strive to overcome these obstacles/challenges? What resources might be helpful (minimum five complete V. What are some of the steps or ACTIONS you will need to complete in order to get your desired outcome (minimum three steps/actions)? Make sure to include a projected completion date for each step/action. Step/Action Item + Completion Date #1 : Step/Action Item + Completion Date #2: Step/Action Item + Completion Date #3: Long-Term Career Goal (approximately 3-5 years): Your long-term career goal will be a goal that you can realistically accomplish in approximately 3-5 years. Focus on a goal that is clearly tied to the short-term career goal that you focused on in the first part of your career action plan. l. What is this career goal, and why is it important to you (minimum five complete II. What skills do you have now that make you a good fit for this long-term goal (minimum five complete sentences)?

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup Free Online Research Papers In 1841, criminals seduced a free black New Yorker named Solomon Northup into slave territory by the promise of a job. There, they illegally sold him as a slave. When he protested to the slave dealer that he was free, the dealer beat him. He would learn not to assert his freedom, but over the next twelve years he attempted to free himself on several occasions, all which failed until the last, successful effort. (1-40) Solomon Northup first tries to escape while on board a ship that was sailing to a New Orleans slave market. Solomon and his two new acquaintances Arthur and Robert, plan to take over the ship and sail north. Solomon, Arthur, and Robert were to hide under another smaller boat that was on deck and to carry out their plan at night. Solomon and Arthur were going to sneak into the captain’s cabin and steal the pistols while Robert stood guard outside the door with a club. Unfortunately, they were unable to carry out their plans because Robert fell ill, and died of smallpox within a few days. (44-46) Next, Solomon was helping to build a cotton press when John Tibeats, who did not like Solomon from past experiences, critiqued everything he did, even though it was right. John Tibeats grew very angry and approached Solomon with a hatchet swearing he will kill him with it. Solomon and John Tibeats struggled a while and eventually Solomon was able to take the hatchet away from him. Then John Tibeats again tried to attack him with a stick and again Solomon was able to take control of the situation. While he struggled with Tibeats, Solomon or â€Å"Platt† considered killing him but then decided that he would severely beaten or maybe even killed as well, because he would be found guilty in the courts. Platt decided to run away to his former master’s house, that of William Ford. While trying to escape, John Tibeats and a pack of dogs chased him all day through the woods and marshes as Solomon ran for his life. Northup finally lost his enemies when we crossed the swamp , because the dogs were no longer able to track his scent over the water. Slaves were not taught how to swim, but growing up a free man, Solomon Northup loved to swim, and that ability saved his life. After days of crossing the wilderness and the swamps, Solomon met a white man and a slave on the road, and received directions from them to William Ford’s plantation. Northup arrived to the Ford’s plantation and they took him in and protected him from John Tibeats, because Ford still owned part of Solomon. If Tibeats were to hurt or kill Northup, Ford would lose his property, Solomon, or his value could drop. A few days later Solomon was rented to Randal Eldret by William Ford to work for him. (98-113) A few weeks later, Solomon Northup attempted to escape by persuading a ship captain to let him hide on board his ship that was headed north. Northup’s ability to play the violin gave him the opportunity to travel to other places and make more money then most other slaves. When Solomon went to Centreville, which is a port city on the Mississippi River, he asked the captain of a steamer to allow him to hide within his freight and sail north with him, and would pay him everything he had. The captain pitied Solomon and wanted to help him, but it was too risky for the captain because if he were caught he could have been killed or put in jail for helping runaway slaves because they are some else’s property, so he denied Northup’s offer. (149-150) Finally, Solomon met his master’s, Edwin Epps, friend Samuel Bass and Solomon finally found someone he could trust and possibly help him escape. Samuel Bass opposed slavery and thought that no man should have the right to own another man because he thought it was morally wrong. Solomon eventually told Samuel Bass his true life story and Bass was appalled by it. He felt bad for Solomon because he disagreed with slavery, so he vowed to help him gain his freedom. Samuel Bass agreed to send letters to Saratoga, which is where Solomon’s family resided, but there was never a response to the letters. A few months later, Bass again was able to get into contact with Solomon and told him that he would be going to Saratoga on his way to Canada, his homeland. Solomon gave him the names of his family and friends and Bass told him he would again send letters for him. A few months after Samuel Bass sent out the letters, Solomon was working in the fields and was approached by two men in a carriage. Solomon realized who they were and knew they were there to grant him his freedom. After proving to the men, the sheriff and Henry Northup, that he was Solomon Northup and he was free, they granted him his freedom. (204-242) Solomon Northup was a free man but was never allowed to admit to it and feared running away because of the consequences. The first time Solomon argued that he was kidnapped and was free, he was almost beaten to death and threatened that if he ever again admitted to that, he would be beaten worse or even killed. That fear that was inflicted into him was the reason Northup never told anyone his real life story. Another reason Solomon never tried to escape north was because every white man in the South had the right to stop and ask him where his freedom papers were, and if he did not have any, then the white man had the right to take him to jail. If a runaway slave was ever found or returned to their master’s, the punishment was almost too harsh to survive. In addition to the fear of being severely punished, most slaves did not know the exact route to the North and to freedom. Solomon experienced both freedom and slavery, and two completely different worlds of them. Northup hated slavery and periodically expresses his negative attitude towards it. Northup describes his first ever beating to the burning pains and agonies of hell. (25) Solomon describes his master, Edwin Epps, coming home intoxicated and whipping slaves for fun and making them play instrument and dance after a hard days work. (136-138) Another incident occurred when Solomon was ordered to beat another slave, which he did at least forty times. Edwin Epps was still not satisfied, but Solomon disobeyed his master and threw down then whip. Edwin Epps picked up the whip and beat her until she no longer moved and was on the edge of dying. After Solomon witnessed the beating, he said â€Å"Thou devil, sooner or later, somewhere in the course of eternal justice, thou shalt answer for this sin!† (197) Not all white men felt the same way towards slavery as did most of Solomon Northupâ₠¬â„¢s masters. Some white men, from the North and South, disagreed with slavery and thought that all slaves should be set free because no man should have the right to own another man and wanted to help free them, like Samuel Bass. Other white men helped free slaves because they felt it was their responsibility toward a son or family member of his family’s former slave, like Henry Northup. Research Papers on 12 Years a Slave. Solomon NorthupCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAWCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Spring and AutumnArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is Art

Contemporary Urban Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary Urban Planning - Article Example This paper seeks to reflect on various issues that concern urban planning as far as packing spaces are concerned. Regulating parking prices The increased need to diversify investment portfolio has resulted to opening of more businesses in cities as well as establishment of taxi industry especially by young investors. This implies that it is essential for city authorities to adopt right parking prices. It is worth to note that high prices may result to empty curb spaces thus leading to various negativities not only to the business but also to the environment. For example, businesses that are located near parking areas will lose customers, leading to low sales and reduced profits. Due to reduced business operations large number of employees loses jobs resulting to high poverty level especially in the urban areas. In the same way, low packing prices will increase the demand for packing spaces. In their efforts to search for packing spaces, motorists highly contribute to environmental pollution through the emission of carbon. Similarly, traffic jams are experienced and the level of fuel wastage is high. One of the key measures that city authorities should advocate for is setting up proper pricing mechanisms that will ensure availability of at least two parking spaces in every building (Donald 36). Through adoption of performance pricing, parking spaces will not only be appropriately used but also they will be available. In addition, the level of environmental pollution caused by carbon that is emitted during traffic congestion will greatly b e reduced. It is also vital to note that one of major causes of economic backwardness of third world countries are the many hours that employees take while in traffic jams. This means that through performance pricing, the time taken by drivers in traffic congestion will be highly reduced. A notable city that has effectively utilized performance parking is San Francisco. Through the SFpark, the city has put in place meter that does not only report the availability of parking spaces but also they charge variable prices (Donald 12). Implication of right prices on business performance Installation of parking meters has attracted criticism from some drivers. For instance, some motorists in San Francisco argue that the use of meter especially during the evening will demotivate them from going to the restaurants located at the downtown. However, appropriate location of meters will result to proper management of parking spaces that will ensure one or two spaces are available for the custome rs who are willing to pay the fees. One of the major benefits of adopting performance parking in the contemporary urban planning is that motorist who are willing to pay the fees are also in a position to carry customers who are loyal to the businesses located near parking areas. This will ultimately result to more sales for such business thus creating more job opportunities. In the same way, carpooling is enhanced thus resulting to the reduction of packing costs incurred by individual drivers. One of the merits that make performance prices reliable is that they are sensitive to demand. For example, during recession the parking prices are deemed to fall thus resulting to continuous flow of customers. This will not only increase the sales of businesses but also employment opportunities will be generated in the urban areas. Role of parking fees on the expansion of public utilities To

Art and Architectural History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art and Architectural History - Essay Example His life transformed in the year 1537, at the age of 30 when Andrea Palladio started to work under the famous designer Gian Giorgio Trissini Trissini shaped the life of Palladio, became his mentor, introduced him to the principles of classical architecture and other disciplines of renaissance. Trissini also introduced his protg to a wide circle of patrons and more importantly, gave him his name 'Palladio; suggesting 'Pallas Athene', the Greek goddess of wisdom', by which he was to later become famous1. Palladio's earlier commissions were to build palaces and villas for aristocracy. Later, he began design of religious buildings. Palladio learnt the principles of Vitruvius, the famous architect of olden days, (whose treatise was rediscovered in the prior century) through his books and the renaissance commentator Alberti. He became acquainted with the ideas and pioneering works of his contemporaries like Romano, Falconetto, Serlio and Sanmicheli. His mentor took him to visit cities like Padua, Venice and Rome and further introduced him to classical Roman and early Renaissance works. The socio-political situation at that time was instrumental in triggering a fundamentally different thought process in his design. Venice had by then become the center of a vast empire with not only military but also commercial enclaves around the area, because it controlled the Mediterranean region and it's trade routes. Noble families thus prospered economically and were turning towards large-scale agricultural activities. This prompted these Neo-rich families to shift their residences to rural areas, so that they could work clo se to home, as well as enjoy the peace and calm of country life. They needed homes, which had the magnificence of the royal Venetian palaces, but at much lower costs. Additionally these homes had to have the functional efficiency, which would allow supervision and storage of agricultural production, as well as serve as a place for repose and contemplation for it's owners. It is in this context, that his 20 odd villas were constructed. Design ideas developed by Palladio: As stated earlier, the central problem for design for Palladio was to synthesize a solution, which took care of the contemporary needs like functionality and comfort for the residents, while retaining the magnificence and keeping the cost low. He found a 3-point solution to the problem: 1. Dramatic external motifs: The external faade had a clear classical influence including column orders but with understated grace and symmetry rather than elaboration. 2. Economic materials: His earlier working experience with brick-laying and masonry prompted him to use bricks clad in stucco instead of marble and stone which had to be procured from far off places, thus reducing costs substantially. 3. Inner harmony and balance of interior spaces: This is where much of his innovative design work was done. His rationality concluded that a sense of space is closely connected with its purpose2, and that the successful synthesis of forms, materials and purpose becomes 'space' (Palladian design, Reading Architectural History - Dana Arnold, pp135). So, his fundamental premise was that the interior parts of the house should correspond to the whole as well as to one another. We will have a sense